THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46306/bbijbm.v5i1.124Keywords:
government policy, community empowerment, program effectiveness, community participation, local developmentAbstract
This research aims to critically examine various literature related to the impact of government policies on the effectiveness of community empowerment programs. Community empowerment programs have become an important instrument in socio-economic development, but their effectiveness is greatly influenced by the formulation and implementation of public policies. This study identifies that policies that are participatory, based on local needs, and supported by consistent regulations and adequate funding tend to have a positive impact on empowerment outcomes. On the other hand, a top-down approach without community involvement often results in unsustainable programs. The literature also highlights the importance of synergy between levels of government and implementing institutions to accelerate equitable empowerment. This study provides the implication that improvements in aspects of planning, coordination and policy evaluation can increase the effectiveness of empowerment programs in various local contexts.
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Abiona, I. A., & Bello, W. N. (2013). Grassroots Participation in Decision-Making Process and Development Programmes as Correlate of Sustainability of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n3p47
Andriani, L., Lal, S., & Kalam, A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital. Strategic Change, 31(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2492
Artikel, I. (2024). Journal of Community Service COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : A. 6(1), 1–8.
Craig, G. (2002). Towards the Measurement of Empowerment: the Evaluation of Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(1), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330209490146
D. f. p. (2004). 4(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4
Empowerment_education_Freires_ideas_adap.pdf. (n.d.).
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Nasution, B. N. M. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Kegiatan Bank Sampah Di Perumahan Bukit Pamulang Indah Rw 09 Dan 13 Tangerang Selatan. 1.
Sartika, I. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Nelayan. JIANA ( Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ), 11(2), 111–124. http://ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/view/592
Sonia, P., & Susilawati. (2022). Literature review : Peran Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3(7), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i7.457
Subkhi Mahmasani. (2020). View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk. 6(1), 274–282.
Sugianti, E. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pos Gizi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 14(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v14i2.355
Wallerstein, N., & Bernstein, E. (1994). Introduction to Community Empowerment, Participatory Education, and Health. Health Education & Behavior, 21(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100202
Widjajanti, K. (2011). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Model pemberdayaan masyarakat. 12.
Wood, B. P., Ng, P. Y., & Bastian, B. L. (2021). Hegemonic conceptualizations of empowerment in entrepreneurship and their suitability for collective contexts. Administrative Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010028
Wulan, Y. C., Ati, N. U., & Widodo, R. P. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) (Studi Tentang Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Pakistaji Kecamatan Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo, Jawa . Jurnal Respon Publik, 13(4), 104–109.
Abiona, I. A., & Bello, W. N. (2013). Grassroots Participation in Decision-Making Process and Development Programmes as Correlate of Sustainability of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n3p47
Andriani, L., Lal, S., & Kalam, A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital. Strategic Change, 31(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2492
Artikel, I. (2024). Journal of Community Service COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : A. 6(1), 1–8.
Craig, G. (2002). Towards the Measurement of Empowerment: the Evaluation of Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(1), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330209490146
D. f. p. (2004). 4(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4
Empowerment_education_Freires_ideas_adap.pdf. (n.d.).
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Nasution, B. N. M. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Kegiatan Bank Sampah Di Perumahan Bukit Pamulang Indah Rw 09 Dan 13 Tangerang Selatan. 1.
Sartika, I. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Nelayan. JIANA ( Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ), 11(2), 111–124. http://ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/view/592
Sonia, P., & Susilawati. (2022). Literature review : Peran Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3(7), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i7.457
Subkhi Mahmasani. (2020). View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk. 6(1), 274–282.
Sugianti, E. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pos Gizi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 14(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v14i2.355
Wallerstein, N., & Bernstein, E. (1994). Introduction to Community Empowerment, Participatory Education, and Health. Health Education & Behavior, 21(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100202
Widjajanti, K. (2011). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Model pemberdayaan masyarakat. 12.
Wood, B. P., Ng, P. Y., & Bastian, B. L. (2021). Hegemonic conceptualizations of empowerment in entrepreneurship and their suitability for collective contexts. Administrative Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010028
Wulan, Y. C., Ati, N. U., & Widodo, R. P. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) (Studi Tentang Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Pakistaji Kecamatan Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo, Jawa . Jurnal Respon Publik, 13(4), 104–109.
Abiona, I. A., & Bello, W. N. (2013). Grassroots Participation in Decision-Making Process and Development Programmes as Correlate of Sustainability of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n3p47
Andriani, L., Lal, S., & Kalam, A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital. Strategic Change, 31(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2492
Artikel, I. (2024). Journal of Community Service COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : A. 6(1), 1–8.
Craig, G. (2002). Towards the Measurement of Empowerment: the Evaluation of Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(1), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330209490146
D. f. p. (2004). 4(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4
Empowerment_education_Freires_ideas_adap.pdf. (n.d.).
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Nasution, B. N. M. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Kegiatan Bank Sampah Di Perumahan Bukit Pamulang Indah Rw 09 Dan 13 Tangerang Selatan. 1.
Sartika, I. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Nelayan. JIANA ( Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ), 11(2), 111–124. http://ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/view/592
Sonia, P., & Susilawati. (2022). Literature review : Peran Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3(7), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i7.457
Subkhi Mahmasani. (2020). View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk. 6(1), 274–282.
Sugianti, E. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pos Gizi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 14(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v14i2.355
Wallerstein, N., & Bernstein, E. (1994). Introduction to Community Empowerment, Participatory Education, and Health. Health Education & Behavior, 21(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100202
Widjajanti, K. (2011). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Model pemberdayaan masyarakat. 12.
Wood, B. P., Ng, P. Y., & Bastian, B. L. (2021). Hegemonic conceptualizations of empowerment in entrepreneurship and their suitability for collective contexts. Administrative Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010028
Wulan, Y. C., Ati, N. U., & Widodo, R. P. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) (Studi Tentang Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Pakistaji Kecamatan Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo, Jawa . Jurnal Respon Publik, 13(4), 104–109.
Abiona, I. A., & Bello, W. N. (2013). Grassroots Participation in Decision-Making Process and Development Programmes as Correlate of Sustainability of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n3p47
Andriani, L., Lal, S., & Kalam, A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital. Strategic Change, 31(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2492
Artikel, I. (2024). Journal of Community Service COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : A. 6(1), 1–8.
Craig, G. (2002). Towards the Measurement of Empowerment: the Evaluation of Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(1), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330209490146
D. f. p. (2004). 4(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4
Empowerment_education_Freires_ideas_adap.pdf. (n.d.).
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Nasution, B. N. M. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Kegiatan Bank Sampah Di Perumahan Bukit Pamulang Indah Rw 09 Dan 13 Tangerang Selatan. 1.
Sartika, I. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Nelayan. JIANA ( Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ), 11(2), 111–124. http://ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/view/592
Sonia, P., & Susilawati. (2022). Literature review : Peran Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3(7), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i7.457
Subkhi Mahmasani. (2020). View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk. 6(1), 274–282.
Sugianti, E. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pos Gizi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 14(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v14i2.355
Wallerstein, N., & Bernstein, E. (1994). Introduction to Community Empowerment, Participatory Education, and Health. Health Education & Behavior, 21(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100202
Widjajanti, K. (2011). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Model pemberdayaan masyarakat. 12.
Wood, B. P., Ng, P. Y., & Bastian, B. L. (2021). Hegemonic conceptualizations of empowerment in entrepreneurship and their suitability for collective contexts. Administrative Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010028
Wulan, Y. C., Ati, N. U., & Widodo, R. P. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) (Studi Tentang Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Pakistaji Kecamatan Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo, Jawa . Jurnal Respon Publik, 13(4), 104–109.
Abiona, I. A., & Bello, W. N. (2013). Grassroots Participation in Decision-Making Process and Development Programmes as Correlate of Sustainability of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n3p47
Andriani, L., Lal, S., & Kalam, A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital. Strategic Change, 31(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2492
Artikel, I. (2024). Journal of Community Service COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : A. 6(1), 1–8.
Craig, G. (2002). Towards the Measurement of Empowerment: the Evaluation of Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(1), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330209490146
D. f. p. (2004). 4(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4
Empowerment_education_Freires_ideas_adap.pdf. (n.d.).
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Nasution, B. N. M. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Kegiatan Bank Sampah Di Perumahan Bukit Pamulang Indah Rw 09 Dan 13 Tangerang Selatan. 1.
Sartika, I. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Nelayan. JIANA ( Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ), 11(2), 111–124. http://ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/view/592
Sonia, P., & Susilawati. (2022). Literature review : Peran Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3(7), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i7.457
Subkhi Mahmasani. (2020). View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk. 6(1), 274–282.
Sugianti, E. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pos Gizi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 14(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v14i2.355
Wallerstein, N., & Bernstein, E. (1994). Introduction to Community Empowerment, Participatory Education, and Health. Health Education & Behavior, 21(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100202
Widjajanti, K. (2011). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Model pemberdayaan masyarakat. 12.
Wood, B. P., Ng, P. Y., & Bastian, B. L. (2021). Hegemonic conceptualizations of empowerment in entrepreneurship and their suitability for collective contexts. Administrative Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010028
Wulan, Y. C., Ati, N. U., & Widodo, R. P. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) (Studi Tentang Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Pakistaji Kecamatan Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo, Jawa . Jurnal Respon Publik, 13(4), 104–109.
Abiona, I. A., & Bello, W. N. (2013). Grassroots Participation in Decision-Making Process and Development Programmes as Correlate of Sustainability of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n3p47
Andriani, L., Lal, S., & Kalam, A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital. Strategic Change, 31(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2492
Artikel, I. (2024). Journal of Community Service COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : A. 6(1), 1–8.
Craig, G. (2002). Towards the Measurement of Empowerment: the Evaluation of Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(1), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330209490146
D. f. p. (2004). 4(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4
Empowerment_education_Freires_ideas_adap.pdf. (n.d.).
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Nasution, B. N. M. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Kegiatan Bank Sampah Di Perumahan Bukit Pamulang Indah Rw 09 Dan 13 Tangerang Selatan. 1.
Sartika, I. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Nelayan. JIANA ( Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ), 11(2), 111–124. http://ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/view/592
Sonia, P., & Susilawati. (2022). Literature review : Peran Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3(7), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i7.457
Subkhi Mahmasani. (2020). View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk. 6(1), 274–282.
Sugianti, E. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pos Gizi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 14(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v14i2.355
Wallerstein, N., & Bernstein, E. (1994). Introduction to Community Empowerment, Participatory Education, and Health. Health Education & Behavior, 21(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100202
Widjajanti, K. (2011). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Model pemberdayaan masyarakat. 12.
Wood, B. P., Ng, P. Y., & Bastian, B. L. (2021). Hegemonic conceptualizations of empowerment in entrepreneurship and their suitability for collective contexts. Administrative Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010028
Wulan, Y. C., Ati, N. U., & Widodo, R. P. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) (Studi Tentang Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Pakistaji Kecamatan Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo, Jawa . Jurnal Respon Publik, 13(4), 104–109.
Abiona, I. A., & Bello, W. N. (2013). Grassroots Participation in Decision-Making Process and Development Programmes as Correlate of Sustainability of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n3p47
Andriani, L., Lal, S., & Kalam, A. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial activities and women empowerment in rural India between microfinance and social capital. Strategic Change, 31(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2492
Artikel, I. (2024). Journal of Community Service COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : A. 6(1), 1–8.
Craig, G. (2002). Towards the Measurement of Empowerment: the Evaluation of Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society, 33(1), 124–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330209490146
D. f. p. (2004). 4(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2004)4
Empowerment_education_Freires_ideas_adap.pdf. (n.d.).
Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
Nasution, B. N. M. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Kegiatan Bank Sampah Di Perumahan Bukit Pamulang Indah Rw 09 Dan 13 Tangerang Selatan. 1.
Sartika, I. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Nelayan. JIANA ( Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ), 11(2), 111–124. http://ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/view/592
Sonia, P., & Susilawati. (2022). Literature review : Peran Pemerintah dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pesisir. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3(7), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v3i7.457
Subkhi Mahmasani. (2020). View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk. 6(1), 274–282.
Sugianti, E. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pos Gizi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 14(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v14i2.355
Wallerstein, N., & Bernstein, E. (1994). Introduction to Community Empowerment, Participatory Education, and Health. Health Education & Behavior, 21(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819402100202
Widjajanti, K. (2011). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Model pemberdayaan masyarakat. 12.
Wood, B. P., Ng, P. Y., & Bastian, B. L. (2021). Hegemonic conceptualizations of empowerment in entrepreneurship and their suitability for collective contexts. Administrative Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010028
Wulan, Y. C., Ati, N. U., & Widodo, R. P. (2019). Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) (Studi Tentang Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Pakistaji Kecamatan Wonoasih Kota Probolinggo, Jawa . Jurnal Respon Publik, 13(4), 104–109.
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